Acupuncture: Chinese Medicine Essay -- essays research papers

Acupuncture: Chinese Medicine As with all things we know little about there is quite a bit of mystery surrounding acupuncture. The part people see the most is a person with needles sticking out of their flesh. Understandably being wary of sharp pointed objects being wielded by a complete stranger, this is often an obstacle that needs to be over come. The best way to do this is by becoming educated about how acupuncture is performed, where it came from, what it does, some of the benefits vs. the problems, and the different views about it. Though out the many different texts on acupuncture you find there is room for interpretation on how to perform it, what to use, and even where the pressure is placed. One thing you will find in common among these texts is this, acupuncture works to varying degrees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The earliest recordings of the use of acupuncture go back 2,000 years. In China it is widely expressed that it has been in use for 4,000 years. The origins go back as early as the Stone Age where abscesses were punctured by sharp stones or bone fragments. ( History ) When you experience pain it is an instinctive reaction to apply pressure to that location. Such as when you get a toothache. Also the body may experience pain where the infection is not localized. Your body naturally sends you warning signals that something is wrong. The Ancient Chinese utilized these warnings, and developed an intricate system of these points over time through observation. It is easy to infer that applying pressure to relive pain with your hands evolved into the use of needles instead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tortoise shells have been found and dated back to 1500 B.C. – during the Shang Dynasty - recording the use of acupuncture. The first actual written text acclaiming acupuncture is called Nei Ching Su Wen. It is written into two basic sections. The Su Wen, or easy questions and the Lung Shu, or hard questions. This book basically lays out all the different points, but it is mostly a book on concept and theory. The Nei Ching Su Wen lays the basic rules of philosophy and treaties on health. These philosophies branched form two mainstream religions that abounded during the Warring States period in Chinese history. The first is Confucianism. The teachings of this â€Å" religion â€Å" stress that the body is scared and are against dissection or surgery. T... ... You have no nasty side effect of drowsiness, or being groggy. The vomiting and stomach irritation are a thing of the past. This technique is especially being used and experimented with in China.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is also another branch of acupuncture being explored. It involves pressure points specifically I the ear. These points are being found to be connected to all other organs of the body. Although there are arguments that acupuncture is purely suggestion, they can be proven wrong. Suggestion cannot allow for a human being to under surgery with pain. The discovery of endorphins shows that a chemical process is instigated through pressure points. There is a chemical increase of endorphins when acupuncture is performed. Research being funded in China by the United States, and other Western countries, are going to lead us to a great break through some day. The future looks bright, and everyday we learn more and more. Some day we may learn the secret of why acupuncture works for now we will have to accept that it does work and try to combine old and new philosophies to reach a greater understanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Justice As Desert: Is There Any Such Thing? :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Justice As Desert: Is There Any Such Thing? ABSTRACT: Philosopher Matthew Lipman, in Social Inquiry, says that there are instances in which 'what one deserves may be specified fairly readily. A sick child deserves medicine, a hungry child deserves food, children deserve an education...' This seems to imply that these are cases in which what one deserves is clear-cut, and only when 'the cases become more complicated' does it become 'progressively more difficult' to determine desert. I would submit that these cases are not nearly so cut-and-dry, in terms of determining desert, as one might imagine. Is it really correct to say that a sick child deserves medicine? Who is to say? Who is to be the ultimate arbiter? Is there some sort of authority or power (higher or otherwise) who is looked to in order to make such a determination (or who is looked to in order to justify making such an assertion in the first place)? Is desert to be determined based on need? On abundance of what is deserved? On legal entitlements? This paper will add ress just such questions. Philosopher Matthew Lipman, in Social Inquiry, says that there are instances in which "what one deserves may be specified fairly readily. A sick child deserves medicine, a hungry child deserves food, children deserve an education...." (1) This seems to imply that these are cases in which what one deserves is clear-cut, and only when "the cases become more complicated" does it become "progressively more difficult" to determine desert. (2) I would reply: not so fast. These aforementioned cases, I submit, are not nearly so cut-and-dried, in terms of determining desert, as one might imagine. Is it really correct to say that a sick child deserves medicine? Who is to say? Who is to be the ultimate arbiter? Is there some sort of authority or power (higher or otherwise) who is looked to in order to make such a determination (or who is looked to in order to justify making such an assertion in the first place)? Certainly, a sick child usually needs certain medication in order to get better. Moreover, in a society in which such medication is plentiful, legislators may be prompted to enact a law that stipulates that all sick children are entitled legally to such medication. But do they deserve such medication, just because they need it or the medication is abundant or they are legally entitled to it?

The Lesson of the Cliff

The lesson of the cliff by Morton hunt tells a story of himself and how he was able to excel in experiences. It starts off when he was 8 years old. He was influences to climb a cliff with his friends, knowing that he may have been to sick to climb. The group stops halfway there to rest up and then confines their Journey, But Morton became to frighten to continue. Morton became to frightened and plan on going back but he away that it was to far down and became worried that he may fall to his death.His friends abandon his and continue on while he stays in panic. As it got dark his father came and noticed his nervous son on the cliff. His father guides him down the cliff, telling him to move his feet down one at a time on footholds. As Morton comes down step by step, he became braver and braver every passing second. As he reached the bottom to be in the comfort of his father he was taught a life lesson he will never roger.The scenario then shifted to Morton in a 1945 war, he was to fly a reconnaissance plan over enemy territory. Morton worried about this situation that he could sleep, all he could think of was him and his navigator running into enemy territory. Morton then remembered his fathers words of taking it one step at a time and succeed in the mission. This article was a clear sense of inspiration to me. Morton used advise from his father to become a survivor even in the most dangerous f situations.Morton was taught one of the fundamentals of life. When you are faced with a task that appears overwhelming, you decide what the first step is and take in accomplishing or succeeding in this task. If you can break the problem down into a series of steps you need to complete to accomplish your goal,then you must do it. But then, only focus on the step that you need to take next. When that step is taken, focus on the next one. Eventually, you will arrive at your destination.

Imagery in Johnny Got His Gun and Cry, the Beloved Country Essay

We all have wished to change something in our lives. Everything would be perfect if we could control what happens in the world. However, we know that life offers us no choice but to accept changes that occur in life. Therefore, we grieve at piteous downfalls but rejoice great transformations. Trumbo and Paton efficiently depict changes that their main characters encounter in life. Trumbo and Paton use imagery to show positive and negative changes throughout the lives of their main characters. Trumbo uses imagery to portray Joe’s pleasant past life. For example, Joe feels loved when he pictures â€Å"the sled† that was â€Å"his Christmas present† and his mother who is â€Å"laughing like a girl† and his dad who is â€Å"grinning in his slow wrinkly way† (11). The sled symbolizes familial love not only because it is given to Joe from his parents but also because the sled allows the family to spend loving time as a whole, making memories. Joe further remembers the time he spent with his family when he thinks about his mother’s rolls that were â€Å"steaming hot† and â€Å"melted† when â€Å"you put butter inside them† (16). Trumbo highlights not only Joe’s ability to smell and taste but also Joe’s emotional pleasure associated with sharing his favorite foods with the people he loves. Furthermore, we see that Joe is sociable and lively as a boy when he â€Å"got into his heavy clothes and his mackinaw and his boots and his sheepskin gloves and went out with the rest of the kids† into the snow (18). In his childhood, Joe is like any other ambitious boy who enjoys nature and social time even through the harsh and numbing cold. In addition, Joe feels accepted by society during his time in Shale City, the â€Å"prettiest town in the world† to him with a â€Å"pale blue† sky and with † about a million stars shining† (51). Joe is able to call Shale City home because he is comfortable with the people and the activities in this town. His friends and the town’s beautiful physical aspects make Joe feel like a part of the town, like he belongs there. Through imagery, Trumbo allows the reader to gain a positive view of Joe’s past. In contrast, Trumbo uses imagery to give an uncomfortable and negative view of Joe’s present life. For instance, Joe paradoxically describes his unconsciousness to be â€Å"a kind of fear yet not like any ordinary fear. It was more of a panic it was the panicky dread of losing yourself even from yourself† (127). Unlike his past, Joe is constantly in fear because he has no boundaries to help him differentiate his dreams from real thoughts; Joe feels that he can no longer trust his own mind. Furthermore, Joe wishes Kareen to be the unknown visitor beside him until â€Å"just as he could feel the touch of her hand his delight turned suddenly to shame† because unlike old times, Joe no longer feels confident about his body (157). His physical aspects weaken his self-confidence: with the thought of Kareen looking down upon his debilitated body, Joe feels humiliation and embarrassment. Unlike his past, Joe would not spend time with his loved ones even if he were given a chance because his pride would prevent him. Furthermore, after the nurse taps â€Å"Merry Christmas† to him, Joe â€Å"heard the sound of sleigh bells and the crunch of snow and there were wreaths of holly with red berries nestling like hot coals against them† in his mind, contrasting his past days of Christmas where he is physically able to celebrate (200). Trumbo uses a simile to portray the fresh memories of Christmas in Joe’s mind that are now Joe’s only keepsakes for internally celebrating the holiday. Finally, Joe falls into despair when â€Å"he could almost hear the wail of pain that went up from his heart† after his hopes are rejected by the doctors (235). Trumbo uses personification of a heart that wails to contrast the feeling of acceptance Joe felt in Shale City to the sense of betrayal Joe now feels from the doctors and society. Although Joe has put forth his whole heart and effort into his tapping, society has rejected him. Through imagery, Trumbo allows us to see the changes in Joe’s present lifestyle from that of the past. Similarly, Paton uses imagery to portray transformations in the characters that Stephen Kumalo loves. For example, when Stephen meets Gertrude in Johannesburg, he notices that â€Å"the voice that was once so sweet has a new quality in it, the quality of the laughter that he heard in the house† because Gertrude has transformed into a new being (60). The laughter Stephen refers to is shameful, so he relates the laugh to Gertrude because she is no longer an innocent and respectful being. Like Gertrude, John Kumalo transforms but into a man that is ravenous for power; thus, Stephen notices that he â€Å"sat with his hands on his knees like a chief† (65). Paton uses a simile to compare John to a chief because John is no longer a quiet man who follows tradition or someone else’s command; John is like a chief because he now takes his own leadership to speak his ideas. Stephen also sees that â€Å"there was a change† in John’s voice, that â€Å"it became louder like the voice of a bull or a lion† because John has an air of authority and demand in his voice (67). Paton uses simile to portray John’s voice as powerful as that of a bull or a lion. Furthermore, when Stephen finally sees Absalom in Johannesburg, he observes the boy’s sinful change as he â€Å"twists his head from side to side, as though the loose clothing is too tight for him† (130). What greatly disturbs Stephen is the fact that Absalom does not even have a justifiable reason for his murder, merely shaking his head when Stephen questions him. Like Gertrude and John, Absalom has diverted from traditional values and thus grieves Stephen. Paton uses imagery to show negative changes in major characters of Stephen Kumalo’s life. Paton also uses imagery to show changes in both Johannesburg and Nodtsheni. For example, Kumalo notices â€Å"how the grass had disappeared† and â€Å"how the maize grew barely to the height of a man† and grieves over his gradually debilitating town (52). Kumalo feels despair because he merely observes Ndotsheni growing ill without being able to help it. Furthermore, Kumalo feels emotionally stronger when he observes the natives boycotting the buses, starting to walk early in the morning with â€Å"a bite of food, and their eyes are hardly closed on the pillow before they must stand up again, sometimes to start off with nothing but hot water in their stomachs† (74). The sight of the natives working laboriously for justice gives Kumalo hope in Johannesburg, a city filled with novel ideas that contrast his traditional beliefs in Ndotsheni. Furthermore, after Jarvis comes to Ndotsheni, the town starts to make progress: the men no longer plough â€Å"up and down† but â€Å"throw up walls of earth, and plough round the hills, so that the fields look no longer as they used to look in the old days of ploughing† (299). Jarvis’ young demonstrator teaches the men of Ndotsheni ways to preserve the earth and rebuild the town; Jarvis brings a positive change to Ndotsheni. In addition, Stephen shows his emotional change towards Jarvis, taking a cypress branch and making it â€Å"into a ring, and tied it so it could not spring apart† and â€Å"put the flowers of the weld, such as grew in the bareness of the valley† (298). This wreath symbolizes Stephen’s gratitude towards Jarvis; Stephen’s guilt and pride no longer prevent him from accepting Jarvis’ warm offerings of help. Through imagery, Paton portrays changing aspects in Ndotsheni and Johannesburg. Through imagery, Trumbo and Paton successfully express the physical and emotional changes throughout Joe and Stephen Kumalo’s life. However, Trumbo is more efficient than Paton because his imagery contains more vibrant descriptions to help the reader feel the gravity of Joe’s changes. Trumbo gives the reader a more vibrant picture of Joe’s life through the use of powerful similes and personification. Trumbo’s imagery of the changes in Joe’s life reminds us of our weakness to control our own lives.

A Look at Personal Beliefs of Teaching

When I was immature, I ne'er had a dream to go a instructor. My instruction besides was non in the instruction field. I had ne'er been learning anyplace before I worked at my university. Therefore, instruction is a new thing for me. When I began to learn, I realized that it was non easy to go a good instructor. It was a large duty. What you teach today could impact person ‘s hereafter. Therefore, as a instructor, I need counsel as my foundation to go a good pedagogue. I believe it is of import that personal beliefs about instruction be explored. This should be an on-going and germinating procedure, because constructing up a personal doctrine of instruction has been a journey of hunt and find. It will turn over the clip based on experiences, and besides on personal and educational developments. The challenges that I will run into during the journey excite new demands to go a better pedagogue. As a instructor, it is my desire to link with my pupils. I believe that instructors should give the pupils attending and affect them in learning and larning procedure. This essay is about my doctrine of instruction. It will be organized as follows: first, I will offer my point of position about the purposes of instruction. Second, I will exemplify my beliefs about instruction and larning methods. Third, I will show my positions about curriculum execution. I will so depict my moralss and morality in instruction and acquisition procedure. I will shut by reasonin g my doctrine of instruction that I mentioned before. My doctrine of instruction starts with what I feel about instruction. For me, the purposes of instruction should include and learn rational, personal, civic, cultural, and moral facets of life. This will guarantee all-around and balanced persons. Education is non merely about developing pupils ‘ minds but besides developing pupils ‘ emotional capacities. Education should make people who care for other people. We do non desire create rational but nescient people. Education should besides concentrate on the civic duties of persons beyond the schoolroom. I think pupils should be encouraged to make out in openness and service to the community beyond the school, to go actively involved in their community. Persons should obtain accomplishments through instruction which contribute to autonomy in work outing jobs of mundane life. I feel pupils should develop regard for the usage, civilizations, and beliefs that occur in our diverse universe. Students should develop values that will be good to the common public assistance of society. In add-on, I feel it besides of import for instruction to encompass plans that develop regard for the environment. Students should acknowledge and aware about their environment and how to use sustainable life. I realize that to accomplish those purposes is a challenge. I hope my doctrine of instruction will assist me and pupils to accomplish them. As a instructor in a distance acquisition university, my focal point is on-line learning. It is a bit different from learning in a â€Å" conventional † or face to face university. I normally have a big on-line category for my class. Sometime it is hard to pay attending to every pupil separately, but I do believe that pupils need attending to do them prosecute with the class. They need to be recognized as an person. So, my doctrine of instruction is a student-centered 1. I believe in concentrating on single demands, and affecting pupils in the procedure of their acquisition. It is my belief that single differences need to be respected. I believe that all pupils have strengths, and that is the end of instruction to help pupils in identifying and edifice upon these. These beliefs are stronger after I have been analyzing at Simon Fraser University ( SFU ) . I see that pupils can larn more if they are engaged with the lessons and with the instructors. Therefore, the lessons have t o be interesting and instructors have to give their best attending to the pupils. I besides believe Freire ‘s ( 1970/2000 ) construct about teacher-student with students-teachers. He argued that â€Å" the instructor is no longer simply the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself or herself taught in duologue with the pupils, who in bend while being taught besides teach. They become jointly responsible for a procedure in which all grow † ( p. 50 ) . I think it can be employed in distance acquisition university, where most of the pupils are big scholars, and parts of the teaching-learning procedure are based on tutorials. In this method, instructor and pupils have chances to develop treatments, and from those, we can larn from each other. For me, the most meaningful acquisition takes topographic point when pupils are motivated and interested. It is my belief that the manner to accomplish this is by giving pupils a voice in the acquisition procedure, and by helping them in happening connexions in the course of study with their ain life and involvements. By leting pupils to convey their ain narratives, experiences, and thoughts into the schoolroom, we provide the pupils with chances to work together, to larn from each other, and to esteem each others ‘ differences. I besides believe that pupils should be given chances to associate their acquisition and critical thought accomplishments to societal challenges and jobs outside of the schoolroom. Not merely do pupils hold the possible to do a difference within the society, they can turn as persons in the procedure. This attack has the benefits of authorising pupils and constructing their ego regard and job resolution accomplishments. Related with course of study, I believe that establishments and instructors still hold the chief function in developing course of study, and instructors can be flexible in the course of study execution. I learned from my experiences in SFU that pupils could be involved in curriculum execution. They are given a opportunity to give their input, so instructors can place their demands. I believe when instructors give the pupils chances like this, it will do them experience challenged to larn and go more interested and satisfied with the acquisition procedure. Analyzing in a distance acquisition university is non easy. Students have to go self directed-learners. They have to be independent. However, sometime they need to inquire and confer with about their survey troubles with instructors. That is why I besides believe that I should be a good facilitator for my pupils. Not merely should I be a good instructor academically, but besides I should be a usher to my pupils. If there are some inquiries and concerns about their survey, I will assist them exhaustively, administratively and academically. My doctrine besides includes respects, kindness, duty, democratic instruction, forbearance, and clip. Even though pupils and teacher hold different functions, I believe that I, as a instructor, have to handle them with regard, because when we respect each other, the learning acquisition procedure will run swimmingly. I besides have duties to give my pupils a good quality of instruction. Students should derive something utile when they study. In add-on, in my experience, because pupils besides need attending, as a instructor I should be patient and give them my clip for listening. My doctrine of instruction has been shaped by experiences within my ain life and my instruction. I feel that attending every bit good as affecting pupils are of import as parts of the instruction and acquisition procedure. As I enter the profession of instruction, my doctrine may germinate as I gain experiences as a instructor. However, the foundations of my educational doctrine will go on to steer me in the manner which I interact with my pupils.

A Doll’s House Essay

Perspective of A Doll’s House Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House uses emotional conversations to depict a family living in false emotional circumstances and having to come to terms with reality. The title A Doll’s House describes the facade of a family living in a nice house. The platitude â€Å"All that glitters is not gold† means that not everything that looks good on the outside is not good on the inside, like a doll’s house. In the first part of the play, Nora’s old friend from school, Mrs. Linde arrives impromptu. Nora is very fast to describe to her what a good life she has; â€Å"So you are quite alone.How dreadfully sad that must be. I have three lovely children. You cannot see them just now, for they are out with their nurse† (7). This shows how important it is to Nora to keep up her facade of having a nice home and a good life. It’s also makes a distance between the two women's lives, even if Mrs. Linde tells Nora ab out her poor family situation, Nora still brags. During the conversation, Nora tells Mrs. Linde about her secret; that she has borrowed money from Krogstad, one of the bankers in town, to help her husband Torvald a long time ago.Torvald does not know anything about the loan and Mrs. Linde is surprised about it and she thinks Nora should tell him about it. Nora answers; â€Å"†¦ And besides, how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now† (12). This reflects the old sight of male and female position in the home or relation; the man is the one who should be responsible for the income and be independent. The female part is the opposite.The last sentence from Nora, demonstrates once again how important it is for her that her life looks perfect from the viewer’s sight. Nora is in a very hard situ ation with Krogstad because of the loan she took a long time ago. Krogstad behaves insipid against Nora in the middle of the play, when he threats her to tell Torvald about the loan. She talks to Dr. Rank, an old friend of the family, and she is very close to betraying her big secret, but instead she just informs him; â€Å"You can do nothing for me now. Besides I really don’t need any help at all. You will find that the whole thing is merely fancy on my part.It really is so-of course it is! † (41). From this we learn that Nora changes her sight of her self. She acts very clearly to Dr. Rank for many reasons, for example to get rid of Dr. Rank’s curiosity and also to convince her self that she has done the right thing and that everything is going to be fine. It also shows one of her first steps into her independence. In the end of the play, Nora realizes that her life is not real, is not perfect, is not fantastic; it is just like a dream story from outside like she always wanted her life to be – but she is not satisfied.Nora decides to tell Torvald about how she feels and she forces him to talk with her seriously; â€Å"I say that we have never sat down in earnest together to try to get at the bottom of anything. † Torvald answers â€Å"But, dearest Nora, would it have been any good to you? † (66). It looks like Torvald doesn’t think Nora has her own thoughts, or her own willing. He does not listen to her or maybe he does not want to listen to her. Nora continues to inform Torvald about her feelings, about how he and her father have made a big sin against her. â€Å"It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life† (66).Nora is much older now then she was when she first met Torvald, and she has changed during the years. Both of them play their roles very well and it is not only Torvald’s fault that she has not been able to do something of her life. When it comes to someone’s life, it is very much up to the person herself. Nora tells Torvald that she has never been standing on her own feet, â€Å"I have been your doll wife, just as at home I was Papa’s doll child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it great fun when you played with me, just as they thought it was great fun when I played with them.That is what our marriage has been, Torvald† (67). Ibsen describes how Nora gets an insight about which kind of life she lives. The image pattern of Nora shows a change comparing of the beginning of the book when she brags in front of people. The three children stand for happiness but Nora does not seem to have a close and genuine relationship to them. It is just a scene. Nora comes to a point in her life when she understands that she lives an unreal life and she has to do something about it. Ibsen shows that she is able to take the step out of the marriage like an independent person.Everyone thinks she lives her life like a doll in a perfect home. Ibsen’s choice of title is both good and ironic; good because it brings thoughts to the perfect family-life, and ironic because the play tells about how the inside of the house; the family, the marriage, the relations etc. , struggles with a lot of problems in contrast to the facade. One of Ibsen’s messages about marriage and family is to manage to be happy together, everyone has to take care and understand herself before she can take care of others. When a person is independent and safe on her own, she is able to love and take care of her true love and family.

Managing Company Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay

L’Oreal is the world’s top cosmetic products manufacturer. In 1907, it was founded by Eugà ¨ne Schueller, a young chemist who developed a hair dye formula which was safe for people. He named the products as â€Å"Aurelià ³ne† and offered to the hair salons in Paris. Within 2 years, he registered his own company as â€Å"La Societe Franeaise des Teintures inoffensives pour Cheveux†, which soon became L’Oreal. In 1920, the company employed 3 chemists in the laboratory. At the end of the year, there were 40000 hair salons in France and L’Oreal new products which are O’Cap, Imà ©dia Liquide, and Coloral gained the most market share. In 1928, L’Oreal developed its diversification strategy by purchasing the soap company Monsavon. L’Oreal started its business with hair dye products. In 1954, L’Oreal expanded its market into skin care field by entering into technological agreements with company Vichy. In 1960s, there was a rapid growing interest in simulating youthful looks. Therefore the company opened new cosmetological and bacteriological facilities to gain a significant entry into skin care, makeup and perfume markets. Companies such as Garnier and Andrà © Courrà ¨ges were added into the group. In 1993, L’Oreal was facing some ethics problems. The animal right activists were about to protest about the use of animal testing that was doing by L’Oreal. As a top manufacturer of cosmetic products, L’Oreal intended to maintain its good reputation and image by ending the activity of animal testing. In 2006, L’Oreal purchased the Body Shop and the consumers were making calls to boycott The Body Shop since the rumour of using animal testing of L’Oreal were stated. In 2011, L’Oreal will have the largest factory in Indonesia by investing US$50 million. Nowadays, the company markets over 500 brands and has more than 2,000 products in every category in the beauty business. From hair colour products, the company expanded its product lines to permanents, styling aids, cleaners, perfumes and body cosmetics. Those products were distributed through different distribution channels, from hair salons and perfumeries to hypermarkets, supermarkets, and health and beauty outlets. They also distributed their products through direct mails and promoted the products hardly via advertising. Communication with the consumers played an important role in L’Oreal’s history. L’Oreal won the Oscar in advertising award in 1953. To promote its products, L’Oreal commissioned the promotional posters from graphic artists such as Colin and Loupot. The founder also launched his own women’s magazine, Votre Beautà © in 1933. L’Oreal’s five ethical values are integrity, respect, excellent, courage, transparent and currency. Those ethical values play important role in shaping L’Oreal’s culture and built its reputation and give them a shared vision. L’Oreal sees the importance of ethics and presents the five ethical values in all aspect of their activities, such as their strong Sustainable Development and Diversity policies, Purchasing Department’s responsible sourcing policy and their high standard of product quality and safety. According to L’Oreal’s official website (www.loreal.com), ethics is everyone’s job that two ethical competencies that have been integrated into their annual appraisal process, which are â€Å"Leads with human sensitivity† and â€Å"Achieve results with integrity†. In order to implement The L’Oreal Spirit in employees’ day-to day activities, L’Oreal has conducted The Code of Business Ethics in 2000. To highlight the importance of this document, L’Oreal’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer signed the foreword and the Executive Committee signed the introduction. Each employee also receives a copy of this document to apply in their day-to day activities. CONTENTS Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to the fact that board of directors of a company, as the trustees of various interest parties that actively participate in altruist activities in order to perform their due corporate roles in the society according to Liu Jun Hai, (1999); for those profit-oriented companies, when their decision making bodies become certain that some undertakings are mostly desired by the majority of the society should give up their intent of making profits from the undertakings and try to meet the expectations of the majority according to Liu Lian Yu (1999) ; the fact that companies shall not take optimal-profit-making for directors as the sole aim of corporate existence. Instead, all social benefits rather than maximally improving shareholders’ interests should be considered as the sole objective of corporate existence according to Liu Jun Hai, (1999) ; the social obligation that a company has to be liable to in the maintenance and improvem ent of social benefits in addition to the pursuit of maximizing shareholders profits was according to Lu Dai Fu (2002) ; even though the description of CSR varies, the core of it is similar, i.e. a company should undertake certain social responsibilities and liabilities at the same time of making profits for the company. CSR is an integration of legal and moral obligations of a company. Legal obligation, a statutory liability taking state coercive forces as its performance guarantee, means legal security of minimum requirement of morality necessary to maintain basic social order. Moral obligation is a responsibility non-legalized and voluntarily performed by the obligors and which takes any other means than the state coercive forces as its performing guarantee. It is a higher demand of morality on people above their legal obligations. CSR, as an obligation that a company is liable to the society, is not simply a legal obligation or a moral obligation. Rather, it is the integration of the two. CSR is also an amendment and complement to the conventional principle of maximized profits for shareholders. The conventional companies and company laws take individual principals (shareholders) as the starting point for consideration, believing that the highest or the sole objective of a company is to achieve profits in order to maximize the profits for shareholders whereas CSR takes social principals as its starting point, believing that the objective of a company should be of two dimensions. In addition to realizing the maximum profits for shareholders, companies should also strive to maintain and upgrade social benefits. Any single one of the objectives will have to be put under restriction by the other of the two corporate objectives to achieve maximum corporate profits and social benefits. Therefore, the objectives of making profits and of bringing social benefits are often found in strong tension. Their respective objectives of maximization are realized under conditions of rec iprocal interactions and a balance in corporate objectives has also been maintained. Obviously, CSR is an amendment and complement to the conventional principle of maximized profits for shareholders. And this amendment and complement does not reject the principle of maximizing profits for shareholders according to Lu Dai Fu (2002). L’Oreal aspires to beauty to everyone. Helping men and women around the world realise that aspiration and express their individual personalities and gain self-confidence to the full is their main mission. There are some of missions from L’Oreal are its unique Research arm enables it to continually explore new territories and invent the products of the future and also provide access to products that enhance well-being, mobilising its innovative strength to preserve the beauty of the planet and supporting local communities which means beauty is commitment which are exacting challenges which are a source of inspiration and creativity for L’Oreal. This commitment has been reflected in innovation that caters for the world’s diversity and adheres to eco-friendly design principles without compromising consumer safety. Mission is an essential purpose that differentiates one company from others that gives so much meanings and values to their business and to the wor king lives of the employees and they are proud of their works. L’Oreal’s strategy for leadership which is the process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 8th edition) that is based on continuous investment in rigorous scientific research and development as a business. This enables their brands to deliver products which are innovative which is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into useful product, service, or method of operation (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 8th edition), highly effective which means doing right things, or completing activities so that organisational goals are attained (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 8th edition), practical and pleasant to use, and which are manufactured to the most demanding standards of quality and safety. They also constantly challenge themselves and their methods by aiming excellence. L’Oreal’s research work is taking its investments onto new scientific and technological ground. In the field of biol ogy for example, the genomics explosion, progress in stem cell research and intensive use of multiple reconstructed skin models are giving us a clearer understanding of the diversity of the aging mechanisms at play in different ethnic skin and hair types, while enabling us to identify new cellular and molecular targets and to predict effects more quickly and accurately. They place great value on honesty and clarity: their consumer advertising is based on proven performance and scientific data. They are committed to building strong and lasting relationships with their customers and suppliers, founded on trust which is belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader and mutual benefit. Followers who trust a leader are willing to be vulnerable to the leader’s actions as they are confident that their rights and interests will not be abused. (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 8th edition) They do business with integrity: they respect the laws of the countries in which they operate and adhere to good corporate governance practices. They maintain high standards in accounting and reporting, and support the fight against corruption. They deliver long-term, sustained shareholder value by protecting and making the most effective use of company assets. L’Oreal aim to make a great place in which to work as an employer. They know that their employees are their greatest assets. They are entitled to a safe and healthy working environment: one in which personal talent and merit are recognised, diversity is valued, privacy is respected, and the balance between professional and personal life is taken into account. They believe in offering their employees a stimulating environment, exciting personal opportunities and a chance to make a difference. They encourage an atmosphere of openness, courage, generosity and respect, so that all their employees feel free to come forward with their questions, ideas and concerns. As a responsible corporate citizen, they play their part in creating a world of beauty and fairness. They are mindful of their impact on the natural environment, including biodiversity, and constantly seek to reduce it: they are determined to avoid compromising tomorrow for the sake of today. They make a positive contribution to the countries and communities in which they are present and respect local cultures and sensitivities. They are committed to the respect of human rights. They want to help end the exploitation of children in the workplace and the use of forced labour. They also want an end to animal testing in their industry, and they contribute to the development and acceptance of alternative methods. They actively seek out and favour business partners who share their values and their ethical commitments. This is the spirit in which L’Oreal operates: the L’ORÉAL SPIRIT. L’Oreal brands are divided into consumer brands, professional brands, and luxury brands. Consumer brands are L’Oreal Paris, Garnier, Maybelline New York, Softsheen.Carson, CCB Paris, Vichy, La Roche Posay, Innà ©ov, Skinceuticals, Sanoflore, Roger & Gallet. Professional brands are L’Oreal Professional, Kà ©rastase, Redken, Matrix, Mizani, Pureology, and Shu Uemura Art of Hair. Luxury brands are Lancà ´me, Biotherm, Helena, Rubinstein, Kiehl’s, Shu Uemura, Giorgio Armani, Ralph Lauren, Cacharel, Viktor & Rolf, Diesel, YSL Beautà ©, and Maison Martin Margiela. While retailer is The Body Shop. In 2009, L’Oreal published a report on its sustainable practices, which repeated the claim that it does not test finished products on animals. The problem is that as one of the world’s biggest cosmetics firms, much of its work is in the development of new ingredients for its products, and it is here that Naturewatch’s problems arise. EU legislation actually demands that all new cosmetic ingredients be tested on animals, although from 2009 onwards it has been working with cosmetics firms to eradicate the use of animal testing by 2013. ‘L’Oreal has not used animals to test its finished products since 1989, except in the case where national legislation requires it,’ the cosmetics giant said in its sustainability report. ‘This is the case in certain countries where L’Oreal operates and in those locations regulations require testing using animals before substances can be registered for commercial use. As L’Oreal operates on an international scale, it is obliged to comply with the current national legislation for products that are manufactured locally and sold locally.’ L’Oreal argues that it is a world leader in researching alternatives to animal testing, including the development of artificial tissue on which it has spent â‚ ¬600m to date. It is also a founder member of the European Partnership for Alternatives to Animal Testing and closely involved in the international Tox Cast initiative which is run by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Rather than a cruel advocate of animal testing, it is in fact fully engaged In attempting to make the practice obsolete. The owner of one ethical skincare firm told the Ecologist that companies like L’Oreal do face a tough set of choices; either innovate in order to maintain their market share, or use existing ingredients and allow less ethical competitors to launch new products, or continue developing within the limits of regional legislation. Smaller producers can simply find green or ethical ways to produce established ingredients. Few ethical firms could afford to pay for the necessary research on artificial tissues that L’Oreal has done, he adds – at current exchange rates, â‚ ¬600m is not far off the  £652m it paid for The Body Shop in 2007. If you do decide that L’Oreal and Nestlà © are acting in an unethical manner then the next big question is: should brands like The Body Shop or Pureology be punished for the sins of the parent company? The founders of both firms have strong ethical principles, and sold their companies so that their message could reach a wider market, making it a tough choice in both cases. Buying their products may line the pockets of their L’Oreal and Nestlà © paymasters, but by buying from The Body Shop, which does not test any of its products on animals, or vegan Pureology, you could also be sending a message to the guys at the top: more of the good ethical products, less of the morally questionable. Given that many big corporations are now spending more and more on big, ethical brands – Coca Cola, for example, now owns the UK’s Innocent, while another US giant, Kraft, has Green and Blacks chocolate – this is a problem which is unlikely to go away for the ethic al consumer any time soon.